What Does It Can Help Teachers Design And Deliver...

LESSON DESCRIPTION VARK is a fun, short, simple inventory with lots of practical educational applications. In this lesson, we will discuss how it can help teachers design and deliver instruction that meets different learning styles and preferences. !!!What is VARK? How many times have you hear students say, â€Å"I just don’t get it!† It is always important to try to provide instruction that addresses student learning styles. As a teacher, you already try to modify instruction so that all your students can learn; however, it can take time to get to know them and their learning preferences. If that is the case, then _VARK__ may be just what you need. VARK is a short, simple questionnaire that your students can fill out online so that they (and you!) determine how they learn best. VARK is free for use in schools, and universities for student or faculty development, and as long as you give attribution, there should be no problem in using this tool in your classroom. The acronym VARK stands for Visual, Aural, Read/Write and Kinesthetic which are the learning modalities observes by the creators of a questionnaire that bears the same name. It is a short, simple way for your students to clarify how they learn best and for you to help them by addressing their learning preferences. So, by encouraging your students to take the questionnaire and discussing their results, they can discover things about themselves they might not have known and which will help them learn in the best wayShow MoreRelatedEssay about Different Learning Styles2633 Words   |  11 PagesDifferent Learning Styles Introduction What is learning? According to the thesaurus in the Eric database, learning is the â€Å"process of acquiring knowledge, attitudes, or skills from study, instruction, or experience† (Eric/Thesaurus database, 2001). A learning style is described as â€Å"a set of factors, behaviors and attitudes that facilitate learning for and individual in a given situation† (Reiff, 1992, p.7). There are many different ways that children learn. The purpose of this paper is toRead MoreSUCCEED: An Instructional Design Model3351 Words   |  14 Pagesthe U.S. face a barrage of learning theories and models in their education courses. Professors waste no time in introducing them to Pavlov and his dogs, Bloom’s Taxonomy, Maslow’s Hierarchy, Piaget, Skinner, Gagne, Bruner and more (Marsh, McFadden, and Price, n.d.). From the work of these great men come such learning theories as behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism, three paradigms that have shaped our current education al system. The next generation of teachers creates countless practiceRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Our Lives Today1313 Words   |  6 Pagestoday is nowhere near what our forefathers endured. Modern technology is the forefront for advanced research and the sciences that helps us utilize the essential skills for everyday life. Most teachers in schools really don’t understand or has caught up with the advanced technology in the schools. Some teachers still believe or use some of the old ways to teach but nowadays technology has a major role in society. Technology ushers in fundamental structural changes that can be integral to achievingRead MoreEssay about ILM level 34697 Words   |  19 PagesSection 1 Know how to identify development needs A.C 1.1 Identify own learning style(s) and the learning style(s) of another member of the team. Learning Styles Self-Assessment Everyone has their own preferred way of learning new things. Knowing how you learn can Help you take control of situations and develop further in learning or employment situations. To help me identify my own learning style(s) and that of a member of my team, I used the VAX questionnaire below. TickRead MoreVocabulary Acquisition Through Audio-Video Aids3146 Words   |  13 Pagesand multimedia for second language instruction. Vocabulary plays an important part in second language acquisition and academic achievement. The role that vocabulary knowledge plays in second and foreign language acquisition has long been neglected. However, vocabulary is currently receiving increased emphasis in the language teaching curriculum. This paper will focus on various possibilities to enhance vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension with the help of technology. Furthermore, the varietyRead MoreDefinition Of Learning Management System4682 Words   |  19 PagesLearning Management system In General Computer’s applications of education is filled with generic terms such as computer-based instruction (CBI), computer-assisted instruction (CAI), and computer-assisted learning (CAL), generally describing drill-and-practice programs, more sophisticated tutorials, and more individualized instructions, respectively. LMS has its history in another term, integrated learning system (ILS) which offers additional functionality beyond instructional content such as managementRead MoreForeign and Local Related Literature6642 Words   |  27 PagesChapter 1 Introduction The learning process needs techniques and tools to present the knowledge (from different resources), interact with it and share it with others. In this context, eLearning is becoming an important tool to support the learning system to achieve its goals. ELearning became hot topic in the 1990’s after the spread of the internet. Although it has a relative short history, it is becoming an important part of learning. The majority of the universities adopted some kinds ofRead MoreThe Impact Of Shifts On Academic Patterns, Technological Progress, And Student Lifestyle Changes4229 Words   |  17 Pagesschools are compelled to consider new platforms for students to achieve their scholastic goals. As cyber learning evolves, learning and engaging outside of the classroom is one of many changes we see in education today. While technology continues to expand, it becomes evident that the development and widespread usage of technologies allow educators to reconfigure the realm of possibilities for learning in a networked world (Borgman et al., 2008). Community college will need to adapt to the â€Å"paradigmRead MoreM Odule on Crafting the Curriculum5135 Words   |  21 PagesCurriculum Models, Types and Design Curriculum Design Models Curriculum design is a process of thinking through how you want to organize what you want your students to learn. Whereas, lesson plans are what the teacher plans to do for the day and unit plans are what the teacher wants to do over the several lessons or weeks. Curriculum plans should be what the teacher wants students to learn over years. Thus, a curriculum design is forming set of lessons that will obtain the objectives for the studentRead MorePlanning and Enabling Learning2617 Words   |  11 PagesENABLING LEARNING DTLLS FEB 2010 PLANNING AND ENABLING LEARNING Rationale. I believe by researching different assessment areas and learning styles I will become a better lecturer. This would help my planning and thus allow learning to happen or take place. I am hopeful that by researching and learning about different methods of negotiating, integrating skills whether functional, life or trade and communication methods it will help me have an inclusive learning classroom;

Critical Reflection Is Essential For Developing An...

Critical reflection is essential for developing an adaptive pedagogy in that critical reflection encourages the sharing of knowledge, skills and experiences. Furthermore, critical reflective practice is a form of ongoing learning that involves engaging with questions of philosophy, ethics and practice. Additionally, documenting the daily events in the ECE sector is an important aspect of being a professional and are a compulsory requirement for meeting the NCAC (2005) guidelines for high quality early childhood education and care (National Childcare Accreditation Council, 2005.) Therefore it is becoming increasingly important for practitioners to have the ability to critically reflect on pedagogical practice and the development of child agency in effective learning contexts. Pedagogies, which are reflected in elements of teaching actions and practices, such as types of documentation and methods of grouping children, should be relevant to the context and consistent with the service’s philosophy and approaches to curriculum. This means that ‘†¦approaches and pedagogies will differ from one setting to the next as they take into account staff and family perspectives, the service philosophy and analysis of the context’s potential and challenges†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(USQ, 2016). As educators refine their philosophy they will also adjust pedagogies to reflect new approaches. Understandings of children and childhood should lead practitioners to continuously investigate how they transform approachesShow MoreRelatedTransformative Learning Theory— an Overview5690 Words   |  23 Pagesabout transformative learning theory. This overview is followed by two alternative perspectives of transformative learning: Boyd’(transformative educa tion) and Freire’(social transfors s mation) that contribute to our understanding of transformative pedagogy. Mezirow: A Rational Transformation Transformative learning offers a theory of learning that is uniquely adult, abstract, idealized, and grounded in the nature of human communication. It is a theory that is partly a developmental process, butRead MoreThe Values Of The Christian Tradition9036 Words   |  37 PagesVision Guided by the values of the Christian tradition, the education faculty encourages students to seek fulfillment in their personal, social, and religious lives. We provide the tools for developing integrity, leadership skills, and the desire to search for truth and knowledge throughout life. We promote critical thinking, effective communication, appreciation of cultural diversity, and we encourage the rejection of bigotry and intolerance. At Bethel, we seek to promote in all members of the universityRead MoreMy Ideal Classroom4873 Words   |  20 Pages 6 Core Values of My Ideal School†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 The Ideal Curriculum for My Ideal School†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 * The Curriculum Aims†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 * The Curriculum Content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 My Ideal Pedagogy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...9 My Ideal Classroom 11 The Classroom Layout†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Pupil Grouping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Improving Classroom Practice Read MoreEntrepreneurial Project4740 Words   |  19 PagesSatisfactory Graph 8 4.0 Critical Incidents amp; the 9 steps 9 5.0 Define The Project 10 5.1 Critical Incident – Misunderstanding of Project Definition 10 6.0 Describe the team strengths amp; weaknesses during project 10 6.1 Critical Incident: more team weaknesses than strengths 11 6.2 Critical Incident: The Entrepreneurial Pitch 11 7.0.Define the context of the project 11 7.1 Critical Incident: Applying the four wheel driving tool (Appendix 5) 12 7.2 Critical Incident: Guidance fromRead MoreEssay on It Leadership4557 Words   |  19 PagesBest Practices and Measuring Success †¢ 3.1 Determine Leadership best practices (Identify the types of best practices in leadership over time and how they apply to modern business today). 1. Reflection on project experiences related to the developmental stages of teams (Developing an innovation strategy and policy 2. Best practices in evaluating the success of your team in completing each stage (Encouraging initiative and a willingness to take responsibility) 3. TheRead MoreMobile Learning7438 Words   |  30 Pagesfacilitators, which they would otherwise be unable to access. As wireless protocols become more common and accessible, learners will be able to participate in this international Internet communication. Appeal The ability to appeal to a learner is critical for his/her learning process. Mitchell and Doherty (2003) believe that the majority of m-Learning target audiences lack basic skills because they are not interested in taking part in traditional education and training. An experiment is planned atRead MoreThe International Primary Curriculum ( Ipc )3215 Words   |  13 Pagesthey said â€Å"†¦it has become a truism in education that we are good at initiating change but we are far less successful as seeing it through†. From my understanding, there were a few reasons to this change in mood; the most obvious being this change to pedagogy was implemented in a leadership down fashion and was not discussed with staff as openly as it might have been. Fullan (2003) reminds us of the importance of â€Å"collaboration among staff†. We are living in an educational world which is changing so rapidlyRead MoreMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pagescruc ial assumptions for qualitative inquiry. The first concerns the researcher’s views of the nature of the research: Is the inquiry technical and neutral, intending to conform to traditional research within her discipline, or is it controversial and critical, with an 97 04-Marshall-4864.qxd 98 2/1/2006 3:16 PM Page 98 DESIGNING QUALITATIVE RESEARCH explicit political agenda? Second, How does she construe her location, her positioning relative to the participants: Does she view herself as distantRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagestransformation, which incorporates much of the huge prescriptive literature and practice on strategic change. These schools have appeared at different stages in the development of strategic management. A few have already peaked and declined, others are now developing, and some remain as thin but nonetheless significant trickles of publication and practice. We shall describe each school in turn, with our own interpretation of its development and its difficulties, before concluding with our final integrative commentsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pageshelps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid

Four Critical Issues In Protecting The Needs Of The...

The United States of America prides itself on being a â€Å"government of the people, by the people† and a country who put the American peoples’ interests first. However, behind the scenes our elected government officials continue to neglect the needs of American families to support the wants of special interest groups. Nevertheless, during every congressional election, candidates continue to run on the platform that America’s middle and working class families’ concerns will be front-and-centered on their agenda. However, this is rarely the case. Therefore, as a candidate for Congress I will protect the interest of American families with my campaign platform that will focus on four critical issues impacting the needs of American families,†¦show more content†¦According to the United States Census Bureau, since the international terrorist attack on the World Trade Center that resulted in the death of 3,000 people, over 200,000 people killed dom estically from 2000 to 2017 (Bjelopera 32). However, we continue to put weaponry in the hands of the mentally disturb, the criminally insane and the simple-minded criminals. The mentally sane with no criminal history rarely uses their weaponry in an attack because they are either not vigilant or they are disarmed. From stand your ground and concealed carry to open carry, legalized weaponry in our society has increased the violence in our country. Unfortunately, Americans no longer know who the hidden domestic terrorists are in our country because everyone has an open permission to kill. Therefore, my campaign platform will continue to press the issue of tougher gun laws aimed at closing the private sale loophole that puts weaponry in the hands of the above-mentioned individuals, weaponry education for owners, stricter background checks and a centralized gun registry for owners. The process of hydraulic fracking is an environmental concern to American families’ because of the possible long-term impact on their water resources and sacred land. Therefore, my second campaign platform will address the impact of hydraulic fracking. Over the years, American familiesShow MoreRelatedCritical Infrastructure Protection1140 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Critical Infrastructure Protection Introduction The importance of protecting the U.S. national infrastructure cannot be overstated. The protection of critical infrastructure is †¦essential to the nations security, public health and safety, economic vitality, and way of life, according to the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP). This paper delves into the mission and responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and references other sources related to infrastructureRead MoreTaking a Look at Information Warfare1781 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Over the last decades, information warfare has become a societal issue. Research shows that information warfare does not exclude to military, and have penetrated into commercial word. This issue, is a threat for organization and their assets. (Knapp,Boulton, 2006) Information is a valuable asset for businesses and organizations. Advances in information technology facilities the storing, transferring, and modifying of data. Organizations use information technologies such as the InternetRead MoreThe Elusive Promise Of Indigenous Development : Rights, Culture, Strategy1053 Words   |  5 Pagesof indigenous movements). A critical legal scholar, Engle starts her query by asking the tough questions. Rather than assuming that the indigenous rights movement’s conquests have been always for the better, she questions instead the movement’s early fundamental choices and their â€Å"unintended consequences† and â€Å"dark sides.† This critical look at the evolution of indigenous rights (which, she contends, are largely based on different versions of â€Å"culture†) is critical for reassessing indigenous advocacyRead MoreIt Security Compliance Policy Is The Legal Aspects Of The Information Security Triad : Availability, Integrity, And1619 Words   |  7 Pagesintegrity, and confidentiality as it applies to the Department of State at U.S. Diplomatic Embassies across the globe. This document also covers the concept of privacy and its legal protections for privately-owned information by the U.S. government and government employee’s use of network resources. A detailed risk analysis and response procedures may also be found at the end of this policy. LAW Overview The following is a brief overview of compliance with each law related and in use by our organizationRead MoreThe September 11, 2001 Attack On The United States1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe September 11, 2001 attack on the United States will forever be remembered as one of the darkest days we faced as a nation. Almost 3000 lives were taken that day by a terrorist group using four commercial planes as weapons. Two of those planes were crashed into the World Trade Center, the third into the Pentagon and the fourth falling short of the White House landing in a field in Pennsylvania. The imagery of that heinous act still lingers among many including myself. I can recall exactlyRead MoreWhat Is The Wildlife Innovation And Longevity Driver ( WILD Act?1081 Words   |  5 Pagesbiodiversity by addressing four critical issues: habitat loss, invasive species, and wildlife poaching/trafficking. The WILD Act addresses these issues through four provisions: 1) establishing the Theodore Roosev elt Genius Prizes, 2) reauthorizing the Multinational Species Conservation Funds (MSCF), 3) amending the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (FWCA), and 4) reauthorizing the Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program (PFWP) (S. 826 - WILD Act, 2017). Key Unresolved Issues The WILD Act reauthorizesRead MoreThe Founders Of The American Nation Understood The Idea1254 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstood the idea of federalism as being the tool of protecting the citizen s liberty through such means as controlling the powers of the federal as well as state governments. Despite the founding fathers idea of federalism hundreds of years ago, federalism plays a crucial in shaping the contemporary structure and organization of the government as evidenced in the Texas government. The American founders strived at creating a federalist government for various reasons including preventing tyranny inRead MoreHow Advertising Is Important For A Harmonious Society Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesOn account of the importance of advertising, it is critical to realize that advertising plays a more and more indispensable role in the communication between corporations and consumers in day-to-day life. First, advertising has essential impacts in stakeholders life, in particular for consumers. Advertising, which can be informative and persuasive, is helpful for customers to learn about products to find the best products for themselves, give them courage and faith to try new products, and spendRead MoreEthics and Decision Making1334 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations are extremely challenge to maintain profits. WHY FOSTERING GOOD BUSINESS ETHICS IS IMPORTANT 1. Gaining the good will of the community. 2. Creating an organization that operates consistently. 3. Fostering good business practices. 4. Protecting the organization and its employees from legal action. 5. Avoiding unfavorable publicity. GAINING THE GOOD WILL OF THE COMMUNITY - Although organization exist primarily to earn profits or provide services to customers, they also have someRead MoreServe As The Supervisory Operation Project Manager765 Words   |  4 PagesManagement, Current, System of Systems Integration (SOSI). Provide direction, assistance, and support for all operations, systems acquisition and logistics activities. Supervise twenty six civilian and contract technical staff personnel, including four subordinate team leaders of; Integrated Logistics Support (ILS,) Infrastructure (to include over 50,000 sq ft of office space and GSA fleet vehicles,) Information Technology, and an Integrated Motor Pool. Held accountable in overseeing and directing

Drug Abuse And Substance Abuse Essay - 1451 Words

Abstract Approximately eighty percent of the inmates in correctional facilities have problems related to substance abuse. The number of male inmates has increased considerably in the recent years mainly due to a high number arrests and prosecutions that are drug related. Many correctional facilities offer educational and treatment interventions to help them. However, significant gaps remain.The Justice’s Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring program in the U.S tracks prevalence trends and the type of drugs used in different urban areas. Arrestees’ urine samples are tested for five core drugs – marijuana, cocaine, opiates, PCP, methamphetamines and up to six other drugs. Cocaine was present in more than thirty percent of the test results in twenty sites (for men it ranged from fourteen percent in San Jose to fifty-one percent in Atlanta). This indicated the use of cocaine by these inmates within the previous two or three days. More than seventy-five of the adult males who tested positive for opiates also tested positive for other drugs. Methamphetamine use was more than ten percent in nine sites for men and twelve sites for women; use was more concerted in the West. Substance Abuse Treatment for male inmates Substance abuse treatment is very important in reducing crime and preventing disease. This helps the inmates their families and the whole community. Substance abuse treatment helps people cut back or stop injecting heroin, cocaine and other drugs. This lowers their chances ofShow MoreRelatedDrug Abuse And Substance Abuse2025 Words   |  9 PagesDrug abuse is the recurrent use of illegal drugs, or the misuse of prescription or over the counter drugs with negative consequences. The two terms, drug abuse or substance abuse can be defined as the use of chemical substances that lead to an increased risk of problems and an inability to control the use of the substance. Although drug and substance abuse do differ from addiction it sometimes can be mistaken for one another. Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsiveRead MoreDrug Abuse And Substance Abuse2073 Words   |  9 PagesSubstance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is defined as a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. (put citation in) The exact cause of substance abuse is not clear, with theories ranging from genetic disposition, a habit that is learned from your environment, or if the use of the drug turns into an addiction, it is viewed as a disease. Drug abuse is often linked to a lack of willpower or self-control,Read MoreDrug Abuse And Substance Abuse1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) defines drug abuse as, â€Å" It becomes drug abuse when people use illegal drugs or use legal drugs inappropriately.† This may include; the repeated uses of drugs to produce pleasure, alleviates stress, and/or alters or avoids reality. The perception of addiction and substance abuse has been widely known for many years, but the medical community has failed to accept and publicly this issue among it own members. Drug abuse by nurses is prevalent in toda y societyRead MoreDrug Addiction And Substance Abuse1808 Words   |  8 Pagesand physically. Drug addiction or substance abuse is an ongoing uncontrollable need to use drugs, despite the harmful or negative consequences it causes. The person depends on drugs to keep functioning normally as the natural chemical balance of the brain is altered. No matter the reason a person starts abusing drugs, either for excitement, escape or curiosity, it can cause serious, long-term consequences, including physical and mental problems. Addiction or substance abuse is not somethingRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Drug Therapy1101 Words   |  5 PagesA person who has a substance abuse and a mental health disorder are identified as having a co-occurring disorder. Patients with substance use and mental health share common ground, because they hold the philosophy that treatment of chronic illness requires a long-term approach in which stabilization, education, and self-management are central (Drak e, Mercer-McFadden, Mueser, McHugo, Bond, 2016, p. 589). A counselor can help give resources (NA meetings being available in their community) as wellRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Drug Addiction814 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse and drug addiction affects people from all walks of life. Drugs are available to those who want to consume them. Even though there vast amounts of literature and other informative and preventive data, people still choose to abuse drugs. Unfortunately, most of them become addicts and find it very difficult to escape their addiction for the reason that underlying issues may be causing them to seek and use drugs. There exists a number of special populations that are identified and mayRead MoreSubstance Abuse with Drugs and Alcohol1013 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many types of drugs and alcohol. With them there are very mant effects and dangers. Starting with alcohol your will read about what the substance can do to you physically and mentally. Hopefu lly if you are having trouble with substance abuse this paper will change your mind. Substance abuse is overindulgence in or dependence on an addictive substance, especailly alcohol or drugs. Most people drink because they are depressed or upset because of a loss. They drink alcohol to make themselvesRead MoreAddiction And Substance Abuse : Drugs1021 Words   |  5 PagesNicolo Vitale Mrs. Martinez English 3 March 30, 2016 Addiction and Substance Abuse Addiction and substance abuse is a crime that has plagued the U.S. ever since the early 1900 s and from that point on has been an uphill battle for the U.S. to stop. But even with everything the U.S. has tried nothing that has been done has even made a dent in the drug war. Drugs just continue to hit the very streets that innocent people live on. Today people walk right outside their house and just around the cornerRead MoreThe Issue Of Drug And Substance Abuse2269 Words   |  10 PagesDrug and substance abuse has become prevalent in the contemporary society. Today many people abuse drugs because of the exposure they receive from the internet. Smoking of tobacco and its products has been legalized in the American soil despite its hazardous health impacts. However, the various group argues that smoking of tobacco should be eliminated because of the unhealthy related issues it triggers while smokers claim that it is their right to smoke. The society has a duty to protect young genera tionsRead MoreDrug And Substance Abuse During Pregnancy1442 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Drug and substance abuse have been the prevalent world over among pregnant women. Past studies had shown that this could have an adverse effect on the child development. UNICEF (2007) was at the forefront of agitating against drug and substance abuse during pregnancy. Studies had also found out that more than 20% of mothers in the United States alone had smoked during pregnancy (Coles, 2010).Alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, prescription drugs and heroin are some of the drugs that were

Changes in the American Federal Government from 1876 to the New Deal Free Essays

On numerous occasions since the end of Reconstruction, the American political system has demonstrated its ability to adapt to changing domestic and foreign policy requirements, often by extending the reach of its power. An examination of the actions of the federal government during three periods (the Progressive Era, World War I, and the New Deal) reveals some of the new functions and responsibilities that the federal government assumed. In the years directly following Reconstruction, attention was necessarily focused on domestic matters. We will write a custom essay sample on Changes in the American Federal Government from 1876 to the New Deal or any similar topic only for you Order Now A shift from an agrarian economy to an industrial one created new sets of needs and expectations for the American population. Progressive era reformers, notably Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Wilson, responded to these needs by calling for reform: breaking-up monopolies; addressing corruption; enacting laws to protect women, children, and the large immigrant population; overseeing food and drug safety; and establishing regulations for sanitation and hygiene. These reforms often required the establishment of new governmental institutions (for example, the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Labor ). Many of these institutions are still in operation today. Beginning with the United States’ involvement in World War I, attention was redirected to foreign matters. Americans became increasingly involved in world affairs, not only through their involvement in the war efforts but also through the expansion of imperialist endeavors. Though these campaigns had begun earlier, they rapidly increased following the acquisition of Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico in 1898. These actions extended the reach of the federal government to overseas territories. With the Great Depression, attention once again necessarily shifted to domestic matters. In order to alleviate the effects of the Depression, Franklin Roosevelt instituted massive changes referred to collectively as the New Deal. These policies included massive relief efforts for the employed, the establishment of a minimum wage, the creation of Social Security, and the expansion of federal regulation of agriculture, industry, finance, and labor relations. One major result of FDR’s administration was the government gained the legal power to regulate the economy. During much of his administration, FDR kept the federal government’s focus on domestic matters as he sought to enact neutrality legislation to keep America out of the war in Europe. vi It is significant that in times of economic crisis (such as those that directly preceded the Progressive era reforms and the New Deal), the federal government of this country turns its attention to combating corruption, regulating the economy, instituting public works projects, and enacting legislation that directly affects the lives of American citizens. In so doing, Wilson and F. D. Roosevelt focused their attentions primarily on domestic policy at the expensive of foreign policy. How to cite Changes in the American Federal Government from 1876 to the New Deal, Papers

Navarro Steel All About Cost Accumulation System

Question: Identify and describe the type of cost accumulation system that was used. Explain how the system was used and, specifically, how overhead was allocated. Discuss how the use of cost accumulation enhanced the companys operations. Answer: Introduction Companies while accumulating cost use two types of method. Job order or a process costing systems is generally used while doing it. This usually varies on the kind of product or service which the company provides to its customers. Mainly the, pharmaceuticals, chemical processing, plastics, tile manufacturing, semi-conductor chips, beverages and cold drinks, and breakfast cereals use the method of process costing to accumulate their cost. (Kinney Raiborn, 2012)When costs are shown in the process, separate costs are separated into cost categories in process costing system according to different timings. Navarro Steel uses the process costing method for cost accumulation. Now we shall study further about process costing through its real life application in the above mentioned industry. Type of cost accumulation system used Process costing is the method used here. According to CIMA process costing is used in places where many continuous operations are used which result in the outcome of goods. During the period, calculation of units produced usually calculates the average cost.(Drury, 2007) The sub unit of an organization is referred to as a process specially defined for cost collection purpose. The key points in process costing follow: Step 1: It usually involves the summarizing of the flow of units of output. Step 2: Computation of output on the basis of equivalent units. Step 3: To summarize the total costs that has to be accounted for. Step 4: Computation of cost of each equivalent unit. Step 5: Assignment of total costs to unit that has been completed. Usage of Process Costing System and Allocation of Overheads Navarro Steel is a steel production factory. Its processes and procedures are melt iron ore, In the process of adding alloys, material is usually skimmed so that tensile strength and flexibility could be adjusted. Oxygen extrudes the material and gives the material its finished form (I-Beams, sheet steel, coils, etc.). Accountants have come up with the idea of equivalent unit, which can be described as a physical unit which could be expressed in terms of final goods to deal with continuous processes cost allocation through process costing.(Robinson, 2009) Overheads are applied on this basis only but if due to any reason, they are applied on some other basis such as that of machine hours then a separate method of equivalency will be used for labor and overheads which would be very difficult and a lengthy process to account for Benefits to the Company through cost accumulation Through application of process costing system the company reduced its bookkeeping work as in this method unit costs are more like averages. It provides exact matching of the cost of the product against the revenues which are earned through related sales and ensures that the costs of the product are transferred from final goods to the cost of goods the has been sold as sales.(Hnasen, Mowen, Guan, 2007) It is an effective and corrective measure providing maintain over the manufacturing process. Managers are provided with feedback which is used for month wise comparisons. It ensures that the costs are kept in line with the projected manufactured budgets. It allows the senior managers to identify and deal with the insufficiencies within the supply chain.IRS also uses the reports for tax computations. Application of the process costing enhances uniformity all along the organization and the members of the manufacturing supply chain are synced appropriately Conclusion These industries have a large number of departments and the goods passes through a large number of processes. Its own budget is prepared by each of these departments. Thus proper process costing should be in place for compilation of each groups respective costs that they undertook. References Drury, C. (2007). Management and Cost Accounting. Boston: Cengage Learning EMEA. Hnasen, D., Mowen, M., Guan, L. (2007). Cost Management: Accounting and Control. Boston: Cengage Learning. Kinney, M., Raiborn, C. (2012). Cost Accounting: Foundations and Evolutions. Boston: Cengage Learning. Robinson, R. (2009). Cost. New York City: HarperCollins UK.

Neoliberalism and Production of Subjectivity MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Neoliberalism and Production of Subjectivity. Answer: Introduction All the human beings are entitled to the basic rights and freedom. These rights are called human rights and include the political, civil rights, and right to life, right to liberty and equality before law and economics, freedom of expression, social and cultural rights and the right to education (Fein, 2015). The human rights in all countries are meant to follow equally and it applies to everyone irrespective of religion, race, abilities and nationality (Donnelly, 2013). However, there is an intense debate related to the lack of consensus on what should or should not be declared a human right. The essay deals with the sociology of human rights. The paper highlights the development of the sociological human rights discourse in the 20th century. Using different sociological perspectives the paper discusses the role of human rights in society. Further, the paper outlines the views of rights of Durkheim, Marx and Weber. The paper further indicates the contributions of the classical socio logist to contemporary sociological inquiry of human rights. In this context the paper also outlines the debate between Turner and Waters, Sjobergs interpretation of human rights and Luhmanns conceptional framework of human rights. Sociological enquiry has neglected that human rights form a complex moral and social issue. In terms of empirical research there is a little attention paid to the human rights by the sociologists. The theoretical underpinnings have also been neglected and instead the sociologists have focused more on the issues related to the human rights, such as genocide. In various studies by the classical sociologists the ideas of universal rights were not favoured (OByrne, 2012). The growing interest in sociology of the human rights is due to the recent changes in the nation state, globalisation, social changes with regards to the family life and technological innovations. These changes have put human rights on political and the social agendas (Woodiwiss, 2009). Some sociologists have focused on rights with scepticism and on the other hand some of them have rejected the foundational theories underlying the human rights. However, the contributions of classical sociologists such as Max Weber, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim to the human right have great value for contemporary discussions (Royce, 2015). Therefore, the paper aims to briefly discuss the contribution of Marx, Durkheim and Weber to the sociology of rights. Durkheim was a traditionalist social thinker and a defender of human right. In his studies the idea of the universal rights were prominently critiqued. He considered human rights as inalienable. According to him, these rights are external constraints on individual. His interpretations lead to greater focus on social facts as thing. (Seidman, 2016) His conclusions from the study of social facts and study on how social life generates collective consciousness resulted in treatment of the rights, norms and laws as factors that eliminate the aspect of social justice from the causal explanations (Royce, 2015). Durkheim studies showed his efforts to overcome the effects of increased individualism. His views helped people to consider human rights as possible source of human cohesion in the modern society. In this context, it can be considered that human rights are those given by the society and it should not be considered a social issue. He contributed to the debates of rights by raising questions related to the fundamental rights and the nature of the public support for such system. He questioned the rights as source of social cohesion and criticised the role of the state in protecting such rights. The approach of Durkheim further contributed to the debate of right by questioning the public support in accepting diversity and if it is possible for liberal freedoms to live together with other culture of thoughts (Durkheim, 2014). Webers ideas were addition to the increase in debate of human rights as he criticised the idea of natural rights. According to him between different conflicting interests rights and laws are nothing but the products of compromises. These arguments paved a way for developing a sociological approach to human rights. He believed in rationality of law and declined the religious justifications, professional training, systematisation, and codification (Weber, 2009). He was in favour of social scientific work that is value free, which means free of all values. Turner interpreted these ideas as the rejection of normative foundation of law as Weber emphasised that political and social foundation should not be judged (Andreski, 2013). In various studies conducted by Weber on bureaucracy, it was found to be related to the human rights. As per these studies bureaucracy can separate the subjective rights of individuals from the objective legal order. Other studies of Weber on class, party, status and the process of social culture can be applied to the administration of citizen rights. His primary concerns were related to competition for scarce resources, domination, legitimation, and authority of state. His interpretations separates the rights from metaphysical identity. According to Turner, the interpretations of Weber upholds the doctrine of might is right (Sager Rosser, 2009). Marxs view was different from that of Durkheim and Weber. According to Marx human rights are social entities and considered it as mere epiphenomena for social relations. He emphasised that the rights of man defines the bound of the social life. He understands that the rights as canonizing individualism (Peffer, 2014). He believed that human rights have originated from a definite social order. In the service of the homo economicus the notion of human rights were developed by Marx (Read, 2009). According to him humans are only concerned with the self interest. Therefore, he viewed that the rights to equality and security based on selfish and egoistic motto as these rights help people fulfil their needs through exchange of property. He also criticised that the right to liberty is the right to freely enjoy and dispose own property without letting others to enjoy (Giddens, 2013). On this context Marx viewed human rights as moral and legalframework for fair exchange of labour power for wag es. In short Marx linked the human rights with the capitalist mode of production (Andreski, 2013). Therefore, Marx view was different from Weber and Durkheim as he did not view human rights as value free model for the social sciences. Instead, Marx considered that human rights cannot be separated from the role it plays in bourgeois society. He criticised rights as bourgeois. His work led to insistence that rights cause conflict between an individuals alienation as human beings and property owners (Donnelly, 2013). Marx believed that the rights are basis of law, mortality and politics. He criticised human rights but it was not restricted to charges of inconsistency, cynicism and hypocrisy (Meyer et al., 2010). Contemporary sociological interpretation of human rights Various scholars have pioneered the field of contemporary sociology and human rights. The momentum was gained due to intense debate between Malcolm Waters and Bryan Turner. The former explained the birth of the human rights and its operation on specific place and time. On the other hand, Bryan Turner was focused towards constructing the moral appeal of human rights (Nash, 2009). Turner like Durkheim considered human rights as inalienable or natural. Labelled as foundationalist, he presented a sociological version of these rights, which he believed to be the source of justice. He presented his theories in his work outline of a theory of human rights (Turner, 1993). His interpretations regard human rights as social claims, which are not rationalised or grounded by any theory, instead meant to offer protection to human frailty. It means in his interpretation, rights are gateway to institutionalised protection (Wolfsteller, 2017). Therefore, he focused on sociological inquiry to analyse the human rights and inherent human fraility, the theory of moral sympathy and risky nature of the social institutions. Therefore, the universal frailty of human can ameliorate the vulnerability of the human through rights or social claims. Thus, in his philosophical anthropology, human rights are a need and its legitimacy transcends the state. Various moral communities coming up are mainly oriented towards the support of others in crisis. It is this collective sympathy that support the institutionalised protection given by the rights (Ramcharan, 2015). According to Malcolm Waters it is the responsibility of the sociologists to explaining the social construction of human rights (Waters, 1996). He believed that sociologists should explain how the human right institutions originated. He perceived that it is the task of sociologists to explain the variation in the historical and the social factors while creating the human rights. He did not emphasise on the universal experiences rather focused on special interest. Malcolm highlighted the key interest that led to the birth of the human rights. It includes the stigmatisation of the defeated nation by the victors of Second World War. The human rights thus eliminated this penalty. Cold War too had its own power as it led to undermining each Human interested those who aimed at legitimizing their interventions in foreign state. Lastly, human rights were in great interest among the disadvantaged members of the society. It is this cumulative motivation from different members of the society tha t drove the moral force of the human rights. Waters defence of social construction against foundationalism: According to Water, the universality of human rights is a human construction. The right is an institution, which is specific to particular historic and cultural context. On the other hand, Turner viewed Human rights social claims for institutionalised protection and relate it to corporate frailty. However, Water did not consider it to be related to frailty. Instead he treated rights as social claims of political and universal nature. It can be said that Waters social constructionist proposition express human rights as product of particular configuration of interests and values (Levy Sznaider, 2014). According to Turner, Waters proposition do not offer theory of human rights and it can be said that positivism offers no solution. Sjobergs interpretation of human rights Sjoberg interpreted that human rights are meant to advance the dignity of human beings. These are claims made by persons in diverse social and cultural systems upon organized power relationships (Levy Sznaider, 2014). According to Sjoberg, human rights offer protection against the corporate power. It is the tool to render the abuses of transnational powerless. He interpreted that human right are tools to reform contemporary nation state. According to him the human rights agenda will be difficult to implement (Young, 2003). According to Sjoberg, there is a danger to defining the human rights so broadly which is losing focus on issues related to basic necessities of human wellbeing. However, the human rights regime has its potential. If successfully institutionalized, it has the potential to provide a standard for containing the power of organizations, broaden the process of participation among the nation states. It also has the potential to reduce the social and economic inequalities pervading the world scene (Sjoberg et al., 2001). His interpretations highlight that implementing the human rights agenda increases the need of restructuring of organizations to resolve the current social problems. Understanding the human rights on global scale will be possible if abstract rights are applied to the concrete social situations. In his study, A sociology of human rights, Sjoberg advanced the reasons for the centrality of human rights and articulated the theoretical framework for understanding the human rights. According to him, the human right discourse assumes that human beings are viewed from the inclusionary standpoint (Woodiwiss, 2009). His findings regard the human right principles as strategic tool to resolve the ethnic and racial cleavages. By adopting these principles, it may be possible to resolve the differences between the contentious ethnic and racial group. He also criticised the growth of transnational organizations such as NGOs as they are not the part of the economy or the state. These organisations are carriers of particular human rights ideals. His framework eliminates the traditional moral categories while discussing the human rights. He interprets that states would be the sole source of human rights violation in future (Young, 2003). Luhmanns conceptional framework of human rights Niklas Luhmann was a German system theorist. He put forward the idea that human rights may be globally secured. He made a clear distinction between the rights of equality and fundamental freedoms (Valentinov, 2014). He developed the conceptual framework of human right. His work showed that human rights existed as central society due to various social processes. His findings showed that the human rights and fundamental freedoms led to dominant structure of the modern society. As per his interpretations, there are various functional differentiations in the modern world society, which led to the development of the human rights (Frezzo, 2014). Unlike, Turner he emphasised that both society and human are in need of institutionalised protection as both are vulnerable. As per Luhmann, human rights have societal functions. He regarded the fundamental rights as multifunctional institutions. He concluded in his studies that the human rights prevent dominance of one segment of the society on th e other (Luhmann Albrow, 2013). Hence, this prevents regression and sets limitations on the political system. Human rights thus protect the structure of the society and institutionalises specific mechanism to ensure that stability and protection of the individual is maintained. It means that the difference in different functional subsystem in society is maintiened by giving equal and inalienable rights to all the human beings (Luhmann Albrow, 2013). His system theory provided a ground for genuinely sociological theory of human rights. His theoretical framework helped in analysing the issues of human rights. Conclusion In conclusion, the paper provided the ideas and views of different sociologists in respect to human rights. From Weberian point of view reducing rights was merely to claim privileges by the social groups contribute to competition. As per Marxs interpretation it will only act as medium of class rule which expresses a possessive, individualistic and egoistic society. This reduction according to Durkheim led to sociologys separation from natural right. The paper has outlined the debate between Turner and Waters. The sociology of the human rights also gave the viewpoint of the sociology of law and treatment in the field of human rights. It can be said that the sociology of human rights is not based on well developed expertise. However, the central themes detected based on the influential programmatic statements includes the sociological tradition, institutionalised human rights, the boundaries of sociology as practice. The paper has further outlines the Sjobergs interpretation of human r ights and Luhmanns conceptional framework of human rights. In conclusion, the review of the sociology of human right raises question on objectives of sociology. Sociology is a useful way to analyse the human rights violation, which are as much the global reality. In this context it can be said that sociology has valuable potential and there is an urgent need to recognise this potential than ever before. References Andreski, S. (2013). Max Weber on capitalism, bureaucracy and religion (Vol. 4). Routledge. Donnelly, J. (2013).Universal human rights in theory and practice. Cornell University Press. Durkheim, E. (2014). The division of labor in society. Simon and Schuster. Eagleton, T. (2011). Why Marx was right. Yale University Press. Fein, H. (2015).Human rights and wrongs: slavery, terror, genocide. Routledge. Frezzo, M. (2014). The Sociology of Human Rights. John Wiley Sons. Giddens, A. (2013). Politics, sociology and social theory: encounters with classical and contemporary social thought. John Wiley Sons. Klein, J. T. (2015). Reprint of Discourses of transdisciplinarity: Looking back to the future. Futures, 65, 10-16. Levy, D., Sznaider, N. (2014). Remembering a sociology of Human Rights. Culture History Digital Journal, 3(2), 013. Luhmann, N., Albrow, M. (2013). A sociological theory of law. Routledge. Luhmann, N., Albrow, M. (2013). A sociological theory of law. Routledge. Meyer, J. W., Bromley, P., Ramirez, F. O. (2010). Human rights in social science textbooks: Cross-national analyses, 19702008. Sociology of Education, 83(2), 111-134. Nash, K. (2009). Contemporary Political Sociology: globalization, politics and power. John Wiley Sons. OByrne, D. (2012). On the sociology of human rights: theorising the language-structure of rights. Sociology, 46(5), 829-843. Peffer, R. G. (2014). Marxism, morality, and social justice. Princeton University Press. Ramcharan, B. G. (2015). Contemporary Human Rights Ideas: Rethinking theory and practice. Routledge. Read, J. (2009). A genealogy of homo-economicus: Neoliberalism and the production of subjectivity. Foucault studies, 25-36. Royce, E. (2015). Classical Social Theory and Modern Society: Marx, Durkheim, Weber. Rowman Littlefield. Sager, F., Rosser, C. (2009). Weber, Wilson, and Hegel: Theories of modern bureaucracy. Public Administration Review, 69(6), 1136-1147. Seidman, S. (2016). Contested knowledge: Social theory today. John Wiley Sons. Sjoberg, G., Gill, E. A., Williams, N. (2001). A sociology of human rights. Social Problems, 48(1), 11-47. Turner, B. S. (1993). Outline of a theory of human rights. Sociology, 27(3), 489-512. Valentinov, V. (2014). The complexitysustainability trade?off in Niklas Luhmann's social systems theory. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 31(1), 14-22. Waters, M. (1996). Human rights and the universalisation of interests: Towards a social constructionist approach. Sociology, 30(3), 593-600. Weber, M. (2009). From Max Weber: essays in sociology. Routledge. Wolfsteller, R. (2017). The institutionalisation of human rights reconceived: the human rights state as a sociological ideal type. The International Journal of Human Rights, 21(3), 230-251. Woodiwiss, A. (2009). Taking the sociology of human rights seriously. Interpreting Human Rights: Social Science Perspectives, 47, 104. Young, T. R. (2003). The sociology of human rights. Humanity society, 27(3), 295-312.

The Problem Of Online Casino Essays - Online Gambling,

The Problem Of Online Casino In our society today, computer technology plays an important role in many forms of entertainment, especially in the field of online casino. As technology advances, net gambling is becoming more and more popular because people don't have to go out far to the land-base casino. However, many state want to prohibit net gambling because the cause of following 4 problem: the potential for fraud over the Internet, children's access to gambling sites, an increase in gambling addictions, and the need to preserve state revenues generated from legally enforced (and state-run) gambling operations. In order to understand the first concern about the potential for fraud over the Internet, one must understand how a typical Internet gambling site works: Gamblers provide their credit card numbers and social security numbers, or mail in deposits between $100 to $500, to open up accounts. When the on-site operators receive the bets that the gambler places, they will use computers to run complex programs to simulate gambling games. Upon completion of a game, an on-site operator reports back to the gambler to notify whether they have won or lost. The design of an online gambling site precludes gamblers from investigating whether games are operated fairly. Therefore, gamblers are at the mercy of those on-site operators who manipulate the odds or who falsely report game results because there have no way to tell if virtual dice, roulette or cards are rolled, spun or dealt randomly or whether on-site operator responding to a sequence to cheat customers. In contrast, traditional casinos are investigated to ensure that gamblers are provided with fair opportunities to win. A further problem of online gambling is that on-site operators will not properly credit winnings. If on-site operators fail to properly credit winnings, gamblers will have a lot of difficulty finding on-site operators in cyberspace. Often, when too many gamblers win, online operators simply shut down their web sites and open new online gambling sites. Online gambling is the ease with which children can access cyber-casinos. This easy accessibility stems, in part, from the pervasiveness of the Internet in homes. Since, having a casino in one's home only encourage gambling addicts and sparks that interest of children. In addition, it is possible that some children using their parent user name and password to gamble on the net without their parent notice because people usually save their user name and password in login to avoid the hassle of logging in each time. A further possible danger is if the children notice their parent's credit card number, they might use it to gamble on the net too. In psychology study, most of the children are not mature enough to know whether it is right or wrong. They just do it out of their curiosity. Online gambling will lead to a rise in gambling addictions. Gambling addictions may increase because of the detached gambling environment on the Internet. The Internet provides a detached gambling atmosphere because there is no tangible representation of money, such as chips, being won or lost over the Internet. As a result, gamblers may lose track of how much money is being won or lost and may gamble beyond their means. In contrast, at traditional casinos, gamblers are able to see how many chips are being won or lost and, consequently, they may gamble in moderation. Although unspoken by most state officials, the reason of why states want to prohibit online gambling may be the need to protect state revenues generated by legal and state-run gambling operations. States profit from taxes on winnings and net revenues from legalized gambling. The legalization of Internet gambling may cause states to lose some revenue generated from legalized gambling operations because many gamblers would spend their money online. Moreover, states lose revenue by not being able to tax gamblers who win over the Internet; gamblers who win over the Internet have an incentive not to pay tax on their winnings because the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) lacks the resources to track online gamblers. In light of the four problems of online gambling, states have taken action to prohibit Internet gambling. Some states have already relied on state gambling laws or consumer protection laws to prohibit online gambling.

The National Commercial Bank

Executive Summary The National Commercial Bank is considered to be the largest financial establishment in Islamic world. Its corporate and marketing strategies rely on geographical expansion, technological innovation, and services diversification. All these approaches will be discussed in the report with reliance on company’s history, mission and values, and strategic management. SWOT analysis will also be introduced to take a closer look on the NCB’s policies.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The National Commercial Bank specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction The National Commercial Bank, which is also called AlAhli Bank, refers to first Saudi Arabian banks. It is considered one of the pioneers in finance and Islamic banking, possessing the largest amount of assets. Its headquarters are located in Jeddah, with Head Office in Riyadh. The establishment provides a variety of banking service s and belongs to one of the most recognized and reliable banking systems in the Arab world. In order to define the main purposes, strategies, and mission of the organization, it is purposeful to consider the NCB’s history, background, strategies, SWOT analysis, job history, conceptual framework, technical part. The evaluation of these issues will highlight the major gaps and contributes to defining the main recommendations that should be introduced to fulfill the gap. NBC’s Background Nature of Company’s Activities Emerged over half a century ago, the NCB has considered one of the Arab largest financial establishments, possessing more than 5,000 employees and over 2 million customers in Saudi Arabia (IMA, 2012). Nowadays, the bank controls a third of the country’s assets and has near 280 branches, becoming one of the largest retail systems in the Kingdom (IMA, 2012). The banking sector in which the NCB operates is prosperous because of extensive influence of the Saudi central bank. With reliance on the basic banking activities, Saudi Arabian banks manage to sustain a competitive advantage, as well as remain highly resilient. In particular, the bank has a 100 % non-performing loan coverage and ample liquidity. Due to the highly competitive environment, NBC’s profits were increased and reached over $ 1.25 billion, representing a 17 % increase for 2009 (IMA, 2012). In 2010, the NCB’s assets reached $ 75 billion whereas advances and loans grew by 12 % (IMA, 2012). Due to the changes in management structure, the Alahli bank has enhanced its Islamic banking operations by converting retail operations into products complying with Sharia. The NCB is also considered as the main asset manager in Saudi Arabia, possessing over 30 % share of the fund market (IMA, 2012).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The focus on risk management has become the outcome of the advanced financial and commercial activities, as well as emergence of new segments. Thus, all banking transactions can be carried out electronically due to the availability of Alahli Online system. Recently, The National Commercial Bank declared about the launch of mobile services for checking accounting and banking transactions through smart phones. Launching new services has become a part of its loyalty to utilize the modern banking technologies and applications (Arab News, 2012). It fosters the financial transactions for customers and presents the bank orientation on innovation and development of information technologies, along with considering the security levels for electronic banking (Arab News, 2012). Alahli Mobile will also provide such service as cash withdrawal from ATM points, with no need for inserting ATM card. In the context of digital and technological development, introducing self-banking services is a new focus on offering in novative solutions to their clients (Arab News, 2013). Mobile banking seeks to enhance communication with clients by meeting their requirements. Such a strategic framework is premised on the NCB’s vision to deliver comprehensive and innovative banking solutions for its customers. Aside from global policies, the company also works on widening individual customer’s services that are congruent with its expansion strategy. Hence, the services involve project finance, social loaning, travel checks, issuing of guarantee letters and letters of credits, bank deposits, and real estate loaning. The diversification of banking activities, therefore, can enhance its competitive potential and reputation. Vision, Mission, and Organizational Chart The mission and vision of the NCB lies in developing strategies that contribute to constant growth of the services quality. Diversifying the funding activities is another important mission that the banking institution pursues. Developing mul tiple layers in funding can provide a strong support for increasing the lending capabilities of the local banking institutions. Therefore, the diversity of funding sources is vital for the NCB progress.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The National Commercial Bank specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The NBC has introduced a regional expansion strategy, gaining 64 % share in Turkey Finance Katilim Bank in 2008 (Worldfolio, 2013). Since then, the main Turkish bank has outperformed the forecasted results, regardless of the global economic recession (Worldfolio, 2013). In short, the National Commercial Bank has experienced rapid growth over the recent years, gaining considerable profits, although its organizational mission is quite conservative in such areas as asset management and NPL coverage (Worldfolio, 2013). The organization chart of the NCB is split into three managerial branches – internal audit, com pliance, and general manager. There are also departments responsible for risk management, inspection, legal, and human resources. There is also a deputy general manager who is in charge of operations (IT, Procurement, Bank-office processing, and general affairs), sales (Individuals customers, external communications, region Tripoli-Sabha, and region Al Baida-Benghazi), and finance. The latter involves controlling and planning, accounting and reporting, and treasure. SWOT Analysis Strengths The bank has fostered its expansion strategies through a three-tiered approach that refers to core growth, geographical expansion, and broadening the organization’s mission (The National Commercial Bank, 2012). Due to the introduction of mobile services and other banking activities, Alahli Bank manages to ensure improved credit quality and integrated business structure. Weaknesses Despite the integrated system, the NCB faces credit risk exposure that presupposes customers’ excess acc ess to banking activities due to the extended services of the bank as a borrower (The National Commercial Bank, 2012). Opportunities There are a number of opportunities for Alahli Bank to expand its influence. To begin with, the organization has potential prospects for growth in the Arabian Banking Sector. Such an opportunity is predetermined by the managers’ experience in operating at various levels (The National Commercial Bank, 2012). Further, the NCB’s success is premised on the growing Global Finance Market and, as a result, the Islamic banking system has remarkable opportunities for development. Threats Although competition contributes to the expansion policies, the NCB still faces the challenge of competition, as well as the constraints of Basel III standards on capital requirements (The National Commercial Bank, 2012).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizational Marketing Strategy The SWOT analysis of Alahli banking system demonstrates that the organization has chosen global expansion strategy to enhance its position at the international market. Such an approach reflects the bank’s ongoing commitment to economic development, as well as to the analysis of international environment. Understanding the needs of global consumers should become a priority for the NBC because it creates a new path for growth and development. Aside from territorial expansion, the company strives to extend the range of its services and products. Specifically, the bank focuses on transparency and corporate governance, leading to improved performance. Organizational Competitive Strategy The bank’s managerial staff focuses on two leading competitive strategies – overall growth and geographical expansion. The first one is aimed at continual improvement of services quality through introduction of well-tailored banking products by means of various distribution channels (Worldfolio, 2013). The second one implies acquisitions and development of strategic partnerships in regional markets, developing and enhancing NCB’s distinct capabilities. Over years, the NCB experienced rapid growth by transforming its commercial ban to leading regional services group. Despite the emerged constraints to access capital market, the banking system is considered extremely competitive. Continuous development of professional skills and abilities can attract investors and provide a highly competitive environment (Wordlfolio, 2013). Thus, the main task of Alahli Bank consists in developing its services and increasing the quality of banking activities. Job History The NCB takes advantage of strong capital adequacy that contributes to developing a strong commercial policy in a leading financial services group. In 1999, changes occurred to the Bank’s ownership, and a New Board of Directors has been shaped. Thus, Mr. Abdulla Sale m Bahamdan became the Chairman of the Directors Board (IMA, 2012). In 2005, Mr. Abdulkereem Abu Alnasr was assigned as General Manager and the NCB’s first CEO in 2006 (IMA, 2012). Year Appointed Position 1999 Mr. Abdulla Salem Bahamdan The Chairman 2005 Mr. Abdulkerem Abu Alnasr General Manager Conceptual Framework (Literature Review) With regard to the SWOT analysis of weaknesses and threats, Alahli bank should pay closer attention to competition and credit risk exposure. These challenges can become even more serious as soon as the global and geographical expansion and product diversification are concerned. Before introducing such competition strategy in the context of corporate growth, the focus should be on the related experience in this field. The overview of modern competitive strategies in banking defines the main challenges and problems of domestic banks deregulation as a result of globalization policy. In particular, the studies by De Carvalho (2000) assert that most of the banks that plan transition to an international level lose their protection mechanisms and face rigid competition on the part of other foreign banks. Therefore, because the NCB explores new markets, segments, and customers, it can undergo a number of risks and problems. In addition, the introduction of digital devices and innovation technology is another viable solution for fostering integration of domestic banks to the global market. In this respect, Ozbay et al. (2011) note that implementing competitive strategies in banking can boost economic recovery process and provide an innovative vision of the banking system. Technical Part on Projects Methodological Problems While conducting an in-depth evaluation of the banking structure of the NCB, specific emphasis has been placed on the marketing challenges of the bank’s penetration to the global environment due to the emergence of international standards and regulations. Therefore, the discussion of growth strate gies implemented in Saudi region provides a greater outlook on the roots and consequences of the introduced changes. Findings While analyzing the Alahli Bank, a number of interesting strategies have been highlighted. To begin with, the organization has managed to define its strategic course in terms of innovation and technological progress to successfully become the largest bank in the Arab world. Second, the bank has focused on development of new products and services with reliance on the customer’s needs and requirements. Limitations The basic limitation to the project analysis lies in absence of information about human resources strategy that builds the foundation of successful globalization course. Second, the project proves that the competition constraints are considered extremely influential because they impose certain obligations on the NCB’s managers in terms of policy and organization. Suggested Solutions In order to reduce the risk of competition, as well as enhance the protection mechanisms, the company should restructure its managerial organization. In particular, there should be more managerial positions in different locations to take greater control of the marketing situation. Evaluation of the Internship Experience On the one hand, the bank’s plan to expand new regions in the Arab world can create a fresh insight into marketing and banking activities. Once the NCB starts penetration, it can encounter competitive market hampering the bank’s economic growth. As a result of such policies, there is strong tendency in privatization. Besides, specific attention should be given to the analysis of external economic environment, particularly to the economic financial at the global market. Thus, lack of information about global tendencies can lessen the opportunity of the Arab banking system to adapt to new contingencies. In fact, the experience in working at this bank has enhanced the vision of future development of the bankin g system at the international level. Summary of findings and recommendations With regard to above-presented findings, it should be stressed that the NCB has chosen an aggressive policy oriented on total geographic expansion and diversification of products and services. Such a reform is accompanied by innovation and technological progress, including the creation of online banking systems. Despite the advantage of the proposed strategy, there are a number of barriers to its accomplishment. In particular, insufficient exploration of the external environment can pose threats to bank’s further integration due to the lack of protection mechanisms, as well as inability of the Alahli’s management to oppose competition. In addition, the organization’s marketing strategy is also consistent with its mission and values. In order to prevent further risk imposed on the banking activities, the NCB should focus on reconstruction of internal processes and departments to be ready to face external setting. Conclusions The National Commercial Bank is considered one of the largest banks in the Arabian market and it continues expanding its influence in Islamic world due to the greatest assets it possesses. Its marketing and competitive strategy focuses on geographic expansion and product diversification that is aimed at capturing greater client base. In order to meet the global competition, the company explores its innovation capabilities. For instance, online mobile service is a recent introduction to the bank’s range of services, by means of which the customers can take greater control of its account. Despite a consistent approach to managing banking system, there are a number of challenges that need to be addressed. This is of particular concern to external competition and lack of devices for its management. References Arab News (2012). NCB Launches Alahli Mobile Service. Web. De Carvalho, F. J. (2000). New Competitive Strategies of Foreign Banks in L arge Emerging Economies: The Case of Brazil. National Research Council, 312, 1-32. Web. IMA (2012). The National Commercial Bank. Doing Business in Saudi Arabia. Web. Ozbay, R., Dinà §er, H., HacioÄŸlu, ÃÅ". (2011). Internet based Innovation Strategy for the Banks in the Era of 2008 Global Financial Crisis. International Journal of Business Social Science, 2(22), 85-91. The National Commercial Bank – Strategic SWOT Analysis Review. (2012). Bharat Book Bureau. Global Data. Web. Worldfolio. (2013). NCB Banking on Growth. Web. This term paper on The National Commercial Bank was written and submitted by user Callum Dejesus to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

PSAT Scoring How Does It Work

PSAT Scoring How Does It Work SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're preparing to take the PSAT, it'simportant you understand everything there is to know aboutPSAT scoring. How is the PSAT scored? And how will this information help you get the score you want on test day? On the SAT? In this article, we go overthePSAT scoring scale and show you how to calculate your PSAT scores using official scoring tables. We also coverSelection Index scores and offer our top four tips on how to utilize PSAT scoringto inform both PSAT and SAT prep! How Is the PSAT Scored Overall? By Section? The PSAT scoring scale is 320-1520 in 10-point increments. On this scale, 320 is the minimum score you can get and 1520 is the maximum. This scale differs just slightly from the SAT scoring scale, which is 400-1600. Like the SAT, your total PSAT score is a combination of your Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) and Math scores. (The EBRW score comprises the Reading and Writing and Language sections.) Both EBRW and Math use a score range of160-760, with each section accounting for halfyour total PSAT score. So a 500 on EBRW and a 600 on Math would equala total PSAT score of 1100. But obviously there aren't1,520 questions on the PSAT! So why is the PSAT scoring scale out of 1520? The reason for this is thatall of these scores are actuallyscaled scores, which areconverted fromraw scores (equivalent to the number of questions you answered correctly) through a specialequating process. The College Board uses this process toaccount for variances in difficulty among PSATs - essentially, to ensure that a scaled PSAT score will always indicate the same level of ability, no matter when you take thetest. Here’s how theCollege Board describes the PSATequating process: â€Å"This conversion process adjusts for slight differences in difficulty among versions of the test and provides a score that is equated, or consistent, across forms. This process ensures that no student receives an advantage or disadvantage from taking a particular form of the test on a particular day;* a score of 400 on one test form is equivalent to a score of 400 on another test form.† *Emphasis mine. Upon completing the PSAT, you’ll earn three raw scoresfor Math, Reading, and Writing and Language (hereafter referred to as â€Å"Writing†). So if you were to answer 40 Math questions correctly, your raw Math score would be 40. Likewise, if you were to answer 26 Writing questions correctly, your raw Writing score would be 26. You do not lose any points for incorrect or blank answers.These raw scores are thenequated into your final (scaled) Math and EBRW scores. Here's the catch, though: theequating formula differs for each PSAT. Andbecause only the College Board knows what these formulas are, we'll never be able to predict exactlyhow a raw score will convert into a scaled score on an upcoming PSAT. Nevertheless, we can use scoring charts from official PSAT practice tests to estimate how raw scores may translate into scaled scores. Thesetables differ foreach practice test but are extremely helpful because they show ushow PSAT scores typically convert into scaled scores. Scoring charts are the handy, dandy notebook for high school students. Below aretwo examples of PSAT scoring charts, both taken from official PSAT practice tests: Practice Test #1PSAT Scoring Chart Raw Score Reading Test Score Writing Test Score Math Section Score Raw Score Reading Test Score Writing Test Score Math Section Score 0 8 8 160 25 26 25 560 1 9 9 190 26 26 26 570 2 10 10 210 27 27 27 580 3 11 11 240 28 27 27 580 4 12 12 270 29 28 28 590 5 14 13 290 30 28 28 600 6 15 14 320 31 29 29 610 7 16 14 340 32 29 29 620 8 16 15 360 33 30 30 630 9 17 15 370 34 30 30 640 10 18 16 390 35 31 31 650 11 18 16 400 36 31 32 670 12 19 17 420 37 32 32 680 13 19 18 430 38 32 33 690 14 20 18 440 39 33 34 710 15 20 19 460 40 34 35 720 16 21 20 470 41 34 36 730 17 21 20 480 42 35 37 730 18 22 21 490 43 36 37 740 19 22 21 500 44 37 38 740 20 23 22 510 45 37 750 21 23 23 520 46 38 750 22 24 24 530 47 38 760 23 24 24 540 48 760 24 25 25 550 Source: Scoring Your PSAT/NMSQT Practice Test #1 Practice Test #2PSAT Scoring Chart Raw Score Reading Test Score Writing Test Score Math Section Score Raw Score Reading Test Score Writing Test Score Math Section Score 0 8 8 160 25 25 26 530 1 9 9 190 26 26 26 540 2 10 10 210 27 26 27 540 3 11 11 240 28 27 27 550 4 12 12 260 29 28 28 560 5 13 13 290 30 28 28 570 6 14 13 310 31 29 29 570 7 15 14 320 32 29 29 580 8 16 14 340 33 30 30 590 9 16 15 350 34 31 31 600 10 17 16 370 35 31 31 610 11 17 16 380 36 32 32 620 12 18 17 400 37 32 33 630 13 18 18 410 38 33 33 640 14 19 18 420 39 34 34 650 15 19 19 430 40 34 35 670 16 20 20 440 41 35 36 680 17 21 20 450 42 35 37 700 18 21 21 460 43 36 38 710 19 22 22 470 44 36 38 730 20 22 23 480 45 37 740 21 23 23 490 46 38 740 22 24 24 500 47 38 750 23 24 24 510 48 760 24 25 25 520 Source: Scoring Your PSAT/NMSQT Practice Test #2 Bycomparing the tables above, we can see that there are small differences in how raw scores convert into scaled scores. For example, a raw Math score of 37 converts into 680 on Test #1but only 630 on Test #2! As I explained previously, these conversions differ because the two tests vary slightly in difficulty. Now that we’ve covered the equating process and how the overall PSAT is scored, let’s take a closer look at PSAT scoringfor Math and EBRW. Prepare to enter the math vortex! Vroooooom! Your PSAT Math Score Math consists of two subsections: a No Calculator section consisting of 17 questions and for which you may not use a calculator, and a Calculator section consisting of 31 questions and for which you may (but don’t need to) use a calculator. Your Math score begins as a total raw score out of 48 (the total number of questions on Math).Here are the steps for calculating your Math section score using your raw score: 1. Calculate your raw Math scores for each subsection. Start by adding up all of your correct answers on the No Calculator and Calculator subsections using the answer key for your test. On official practice tests, your Math answer key will look something like this: 2. Add your rawscores together togeta total raw Mathscore out of 48.So if I got 10 questions right on the No Calculator subsection and 22 questions right on the Calculator subsection, my total raw Math score would be 32. 3. Find your Math section score using your test’s scoring chart. Your test should offer a conversion table for calculating your Math section score. In my example, I’d find 32 on my test’s conversion table and look for itscorresponding scaled score (which, in this case, is 620): If you’re not using an official practice test and/or don't have a PSAT scoring chart for your test, you can use the two conversion tables at the beginning of this articleto estimate how your raw Math score will convert into a scaled score. For example, let's say you have a raw Math score of 40. According to our tables for Practice Tests #1 and #2, 40 on Math converts into either 670 or 720. This means that your Math section score is likely somewhere around the high 600s or low 700s. Time tomove on to Reading and Writing! (Am I dating myself with a pic of actual encyclopedias?) Your PSAT EBRWScore YourEBRW score is a combination of your Reading and Writing scores, which are at first given to you as two separate scores. Your Reading score startsas a raw score out of 47, whereas your Writing score is out of 44. These are then converted into test scores and then finally a combined EBRW section score. In contrast with the relatively simple process for finding your Math score, finding your EBRW score requires a couple of extra steps. Here’s how to calculate it: 1. Calculate your raw Reading and Writing scores.Use your practice test's answer key to add up all of the correct answers you got on Reading and Writing. Be sure you add these scores up separately - you won’t be combining them until later. Here’s an example of an answer key for the Reading and Writing sections: 2. Find your Reading and Writing test scores. Unlike the Math raw score, which immediately converts into a scaled section score out of 760, the Reading and Writing scores will first convert into individual test scores on a scale of 8-38. So if my raw score were 35 for Reading and 38 for Writing, my Reading and Writing test scores would, according to the chart below, convert into 31 and 33, respectively: 3. Combine your Reading and Writing test scores to get a total EBRW test score.In the example I used above, my Reading test score was 31 and my Writing test score was 33; thus, my total EBRW test score would be 64. 4. Multiply your EBRW test score by 10 to get your section score. This final step converts your EBRW test score into a scaled EBRW section score out of 760. This means that my test score of 64 would equal a final EBRW score of 640. Not bad! Disappointed with your PSAT performance? Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Once you’re finished calculating your scaled scores for both Math and EBRW, add the two scores together to get your composite PSAT score out of 1520. If you want, you can compare your score to the current PSAT percentiles to get a feel for where you stand in comparison with other test takers. These next scores are like the cherry on top: some people love them, and some people couldn't care less about them. PSAT Subscores and Cross-Test Scores In addition to Math and EBRW section scores, you’ll also be given separate subscores and cross-test scores (the same ones you’ll get on the SAT). These additional scores break down the three sections into smaller categories in order to highlight your strengths and weaknesses in specific skill areas. Below, I explain how to calculate these subscores andgo over what they mean for you. Your PSAT Subscores On the PSAT, you'll receiveseven subscores: For EBRW Command of Evidence Words in Context Expression of Ideas Standard English Conventions For Math Heart of Algebra Problem Solving and Data Analysis Passport to Advanced Math Each subscore is scored on a scaleof 1-15. These subscores indicate how well you've performed on designated skill areas, such as vocabulary and data analysis. To calculate your subscores, use your practice test’s subscore answer key, taking care to note which questions fall under which subscore categories. Scoring guides for official PSAT practice tests offer detailed descriptionsfor each subscore, explaining what the subscore measures and which questionsit comprises. Here's an example: Once you’ve tallied your correct answers for each subscore, you will then convert this raw score into a scaled subscore using your test’s scoring chart for subscores: Although these subscores are useful for deciphering your own strengths and weaknesses, in the end they’re not especially significant. As it stands, subscores don’t factor into your PSAT section scores or even your overall PSAT score. They also aren’t used to select candidates for the National Merit Scholarship Program (which we’ll get into more in a moment). Your PSAT Cross-Test Scores Cross-test scores indicate how well you've answeredquestions in thedomains of history/social studies and science. Unlike the subscores above, cross-test scores are not section specific; rather, they apply to all sections and use a scoring scale of 8-38. The two types of cross-test scores are: Analysis in History/Social Studies Analysis in Science To calculate your cross-test scores, use your test’s scoring guide to see which Math and EBRW questions comprise these two categories as well as how many questions you answered correctly (i.e., your raw score). Here’s an example of a cross-test score answer key for Analysis in Science: Once you’ve figured out your raw scores, use the cross-test scoring chartthat came with your test to calculate your scaled cross-test scores: Now here's a score that's actually worth something! Your National Merit Selection Index Score The final score you’ll receive on the PSAT is a National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC) Selection Index score. The Selection Index score uses a score range of 48-228 and is equivalent to the sum of your Reading, Writing, and Math test scores (that is, the ones on scales of 8-38) multiplied by 2. So if my three test scores were 34, 30, and 27, my Selection Index score would be: 34+30+27=91 91*2=182 The NMSC uses Selection Index scores to determine your eligibility for the National Merit Scholarship Program. This program offers an extremely prestigious distinction and scholarship to students with exceptionally high PSAT scores. Each year, the top 1 percent of PSAT scorers in the 11th grade - equal to about 16,000 students - become Semifinalists. Of those students, 15,000 will become Finalists. And of those students, 8,000 will each win a $2,500 scholarship! The Selection Index score you need in order to be aSemifinalistvaries by state but usually ranges anywhere from 209 to 222.See our guidefor an updated list of Selection Index score cutoffs by state. 4 Tips for Usingthe PSAT Scoring System to Your Advantage So far, we've addressed nearly everything you need to know about the PSAT scoring scale. But what can you actually gain from it? Here are four simple ways you can use PSAT scoring to your advantage. #1: Set a PSAT Goal Score Using Selection Index Cutoffs Ifyou want to try to qualify as a Semifinalist for the National Merit Scholarship Program, you can use the Selection Index score cutoffs to set a PSAT goal score. Remember that the cutoffs vary by state, so it’s important you aim for your state’s cutoff and not a different state’s! According to our estimates, the lowest cutoff is 209 (equivalent to a total PSAT score of about1400) and the highest is 222 (equivalent to about 1480). For a detailed list of Selection Index score cutoffs and their (estimated) corresponding PSAT scores, refer to my article on thePSAT score range (coming soon). Let's look at an example. Jackie lives in Florida, whose Selection Index cutoff score is 217. This gives her a PSAT goal score of about 1450. To get her individual goal scores for Math and EBRW, Jackie divides her total PSAT goal score by 2. This gives her goal scores of 730 (rounded up from 725) for each section. If you’re stronger at Math or Reading/Writing, consider aiming for a higher score on your stronger section and a slightly lower score on your weaker section. So if Jackie were better at Math, she could instead aim for something like 750 on Math and 700-710 on EBRW. #2: Use Tables to Estimate the Number of Correct Answers You'llNeed If you've got a PSAT goal score in mind, you can usescoring chartsfrom official practice tests to estimate how many questions you’ll need to answer correctly in order to hit your goal score on test day. This process is somewhat complicated but extremely helpful to know how to do. Let's say your PSAT goal score is 1400, and you want to aim for 700 on both Math and EBRW. Using the tables above for Practice Tests #1 and #2, we see that 700 on Math comes out to 39-42 correct answers. (Remember, your raw score = the number of questions you answered correctly.) There are more steps for EBRW, however.First, divide your goal score (in this case, 700) by 10 to get your total Reading and Writing test score. This gives us 70. Then, divide this number in half to estimateyour individual Reading and Writing test scores. In our case, 70/2=35. Finally, convert your test scores into raw scores using the conversion tables above. In our example,a 35 Reading test score equals 41-42 correct answers, and a 35 Writing test score equals 40 correct answers. This process of working backward, albeittime-consuming, is useful because it offers a rough idea ofhow many questions you can afford to get wrong on the PSAT. It also lets you estimate what yourfinal PSAT scores will be before they’re released, thereby letting youpredict whether you’ll qualify for National Merit. I prefer estimating how many peeps I can fit in my mouth. Aiming for a National Merit Scholarship but worried your score won't qualify? If you're not sure you can self-study your way to a qualifying PSAT score, you'll love our PSAT prep program, PrepScholar. We designed our program to learn your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics and customize your prep to be as effective as possible for you. When you start with PrepScholar, you’ll take a diagnostic that will determine your weaknesses in over forty PSAT skills. PrepScholar then creates a study program specifically customized for you. To improve each skill, you’ll take focused lessons dedicated to each skill, with over 20 practice questions per skill. This will train you for your specific area weaknesses, so your time is always spent most effectively to raise your score. We also force you to focus on understanding your mistakes and learning from them. If you make the same mistake over and over again, we'll call you out on it. There’s no other prep system out there that does it this way, which is why we get better score results than any other program on the market. Check it out today with a 5-day free trial: #3: Consider Your PSAT Score a Starting Point to SAT Prep Your PSAT scores are important butnot nearly as important as your SAT scores, especially if you’re hoping to get into a top-tier university. Luckily, the PSATwas specifically designed to prepare studentsfor the SAT! We already know that the twotests use different scoring scales, with the PSAT being out of 1520 and the SAT out of 1600. But here's the kicker: each scaled score on the PSAT corresponds directly to the same scaled score on the SAT. This means thatany score you get on any PSAT or SAT will signifythe samelevel of ability. So 1400 on the PSAT equals 1400 on the SAT, 1250 equals 1250, 1000 equals 1000, etc. But if this is the case, why does the PSAT scoring scale only go up to 1520 and not 1600? The reason for this is that the PSATis not as challenging as the SAT. Toaccount for its lower difficulty level, then, the PSATemploys aslightly lower maximum of 1520 (which is not a perfect SAT score but close). Despite these connections, don’t consider your PSAT score a direct indicator of what your SAT score will be. Your PSAT score tells you where you’re currently scoring but not where you’re capable of scoring. In other words, think of your PSAT score as your baseline SAT score (i.e., the score you start off with before you begin anySAT prep). Then, once you have your SAT goal score, too, you can use both of these scores to calculate how many points you’ll need in order to hit your goal score on test day. #4: Use PSAT Scores and Subscores to Target Potential SAT Weaknesses What’s great about the PSAT is that it’s similar to the SAT - so much so that its section scores and subscores are the same ones you’ll get on the SAT. Therefore, you can use your PSAT scores to see what your SAT weaknesses are likely to be. For example, ifyou received a low Heart of Algebra subscore on the PSAT, it's a good idea to dedicate a lot of your SAT prep to mastering the basics of algebra. Or if you didn’t get a high Words in Context subscore, you'll probably want to spend more time improving your reading comprehension skills and fine-tuning your vocabulary knowledge. Knowing what to focus on for your SAT prep will not only help you hone your weaknesses but also help you attain an SAT score farhigher than your PSAT score! Recap:How Is the PSAT Scored? The total PSAT scoring scale is 320-1520, and the Math and EBRW scoring scale is160-760. The Math and EBRW section scores are scaled scores converted from raw scores through a special equating process, which changes slightlywith each test. Raw scores equalthe number of questions you answered correctly.A raw Math score converts directly into a scaled section score, whereas raw Reading and Writing scores are converted into test scores on a scale of 8-38,combined, and then multiplied by 10 to give you a single scaled EBRW score. ThePSAT also offers subscores and cross-test scores to indicate test takers' strengths and weaknesses in various skillareas. Subscores use a scale of1-15, while cross-test scores use a scale of8-38. The final score you'll get is a National Merit Selection Index score, which uses a scale of 48-228. This score determines who is eligible for National Merit consideration. Every year, the top 1 percent of 11th-grade test takers, or approximately 16,000 students, qualify as Semifinalists. Knowing the ins and outs ofPSAT scoring can help you qualify for National Merit as well as predicthow many questions you can afford to miss on test day. It can also offeryou a starting point for yourSAT prep and allow you to see which skills and areasyou'll need to honebefore taking the SAT. All in all, PSAT scoring is a pretty useful tool to have, so use it to your advantage whenever you can! PSAT scoring is a handytool - though not nearly as handy as Colonel Mustard's wrench. What’s Next? Want to learn more about PSAT scoring?Check out my in-depth guide to thePSAT score rangeto learn more about the score ranges for each section as well as the scores you'll need to qualify for National Merit. Got questions about the basics of the PSAT?Learn what exactly the PSAT is and what's considered a good score.If you're asophomore,read our guide to see how "good" scores differ for 10th graders. Ready to move on to SAT prep?Start with our guide to how the SAT is scored and learn about the basic differences between the PSAT and SAT, so you'll have no surpriseson test day. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: